THE Department of Justice (DOJ) has confirmed, through its own leadership, what practitioners have assailed for some time: the bar for filing a criminal case has been deliberately raised. In a recent interview, Justice Secretary Fredderick Vida said prosecutors must now establish “prima facie evidence with reasonable certainty of conviction” before an information is filed — a shift, he explained, from the traditional probable cause standard, meant to ensure that by the time a case reaches the courts, the evidence