Sri Lanka is experiencing one of the fastest ageing populations in South Asia, with those aged 60+ projected to rise from 18 percent in 2024 to 25 percent by 2040. This transition is driven by high life expectancy (73+ years for males, 80+ for females) and declining birth rates. The shift poses major economic challenges, including a shrinking workforce, rising dependency ratios, and the need for enhanced health care and pension systems.